RAPTOR is a flowchart-based programming environment, designed specifically to help students visualize their algorithms and avoid syntactic baggage. RAPTOR programs are created visually and executed visually by tracing the execution through the flowchart. Required syntax is kept to a minimum. Students prefer using flowcharts to express their algorithms, and are more successful creating algorithms using RAPTOR than using a traditional language or writing flowcharts without RAPTOR.
Are you interested in running RAPTOR on Chromebooks, iPads, or just in a browser? Check out the pre-release here!. This is NOT fully tested. Send feedback via
A Multiplatform version of RAPTOR is now available for Windows, Mac and Linux built on top of [Avalonia]! See the downloads section below. Uses fonts from Noto Sans CJK for internationalization. Key differences:
Figure 1 RAPTOR for Windows
Figure 2 RAPTOR Avalonia
Papers on RAPTOR application:
RAPTOR referenced in following books or publications:
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When Witch Beam first released the early builds, the game was already impressive, but it lacked the depth that would define its final form. The was the turning point. It overhauled the UI, rebalanced the weapons, and introduced the endless modes that gave the game infinite replayability.
One of the most debated mechanics in the community has been the weapon "swap" and "leveling" system. Players collect primary weapons (ranging from the rapid-fire "Rapid" to the high-damage "Hornet") and secondary weapons (like the "Skip" grenades or "Flak" cannons). In various builds throughout the game's life, the way these weapons interacted was tweaked. Did the Flak cannon stun effectively? Did the Giga weapon pierce shields?
For a player on build 3789944, the behavior of these weapons is set in stone. This stability allows for the creation of guides and "optimal path" walkthroughs. In a game where "S+" ranks are determined by seconds and combo multipliers, knowing
In the bustling, often chaotic landscape of independent gaming, few titles have managed to carve out a legacy as enduring and mechanically pristine as Assault Android Cactus . Developed by Witch Beam, this twin-stick shooter is frequently cited as a masterclass in game design, blending the hypnotic bullet-hell aesthetics of Japanese arcade shooters with the precision and feedback loops of Western action games.
For the dedicated community surrounding the game, build numbers are more than just digits; they represent a specific state of play. In this deep dive, we explore the significance of specific builds like 3789944, the evolution of Assault Android Cactus , and why this specific title remains a gold standard in the genre a decade after its release. In the world of PC gaming via platforms like Steam, every time a developer pushes an update, the platform assigns a new "manifest" or build ID to the game files. The number 3789944 corresponds to a specific depot version of the game circulating in recent years.
Builds following that major update focused on optimization. Assault Android Cactus is famous for its performance. Even on lower-end hardware, the game strives to maintain a blistering 60 frames per second, dropping frames only in moments of extreme chaos—usually a deliberate design choice to convey impact. Builds like 3789944 are the inheritors of this optimization legacy. They represent a game that has been stress-tested by thousands of players, ensuring that the engine runs as smoothly as the silk-smooth animations of the android protagonists. At its core, Assault Android Cactus is simple: you shoot, you dash, and you try to survive an onslaught of robotic enemies. However, the genius lies in the nuance, and nuances can shift between builds.
When Witch Beam first released the early builds, the game was already impressive, but it lacked the depth that would define its final form. The was the turning point. It overhauled the UI, rebalanced the weapons, and introduced the endless modes that gave the game infinite replayability.
One of the most debated mechanics in the community has been the weapon "swap" and "leveling" system. Players collect primary weapons (ranging from the rapid-fire "Rapid" to the high-damage "Hornet") and secondary weapons (like the "Skip" grenades or "Flak" cannons). In various builds throughout the game's life, the way these weapons interacted was tweaked. Did the Flak cannon stun effectively? Did the Giga weapon pierce shields? Assault Android Cactus Build 3789944
For a player on build 3789944, the behavior of these weapons is set in stone. This stability allows for the creation of guides and "optimal path" walkthroughs. In a game where "S+" ranks are determined by seconds and combo multipliers, knowing When Witch Beam first released the early builds,
In the bustling, often chaotic landscape of independent gaming, few titles have managed to carve out a legacy as enduring and mechanically pristine as Assault Android Cactus . Developed by Witch Beam, this twin-stick shooter is frequently cited as a masterclass in game design, blending the hypnotic bullet-hell aesthetics of Japanese arcade shooters with the precision and feedback loops of Western action games. One of the most debated mechanics in the
For the dedicated community surrounding the game, build numbers are more than just digits; they represent a specific state of play. In this deep dive, we explore the significance of specific builds like 3789944, the evolution of Assault Android Cactus , and why this specific title remains a gold standard in the genre a decade after its release. In the world of PC gaming via platforms like Steam, every time a developer pushes an update, the platform assigns a new "manifest" or build ID to the game files. The number 3789944 corresponds to a specific depot version of the game circulating in recent years.
Builds following that major update focused on optimization. Assault Android Cactus is famous for its performance. Even on lower-end hardware, the game strives to maintain a blistering 60 frames per second, dropping frames only in moments of extreme chaos—usually a deliberate design choice to convey impact. Builds like 3789944 are the inheritors of this optimization legacy. They represent a game that has been stress-tested by thousands of players, ensuring that the engine runs as smoothly as the silk-smooth animations of the android protagonists. At its core, Assault Android Cactus is simple: you shoot, you dash, and you try to survive an onslaught of robotic enemies. However, the genius lies in the nuance, and nuances can shift between builds.
Do you want more older versions? Check out older versions of RAPTOR here
Did you know RAPTOR has modes? By default, you start in Novice mode. Novice mode has a single global namespace for variables. Intermediate mode allows you to create procedures that have their own scope (introducing the notion of parameter passing and supports recursion). Object-Oriented mode is new (in the Summer 2009 version)
RAPTOR is freely distributed as a service to the CS education community. RAPTOR was originally developed by and for the US Air Force Academy, but its use has spread and RAPTOR is now used for CS education in over 30 countries on at least 4 continents. Martin Carlisle is the primary maintainer, and is a professor at Texas A&M University.
Below handouts are by Elizabeth Drake, edited from Appendix D of her book, Prelude to Programming: Concepts and Design, 5th Edition, by Elizabeth Drake and Stewart Venit, Addison-Wesley, 2011. Linked here with author's permission.
Comments, suggestions, and bug reports are welcome. If you have a comment, suggestion or bug report, send an email to .
David Cox has put together a user forum at http://raptorflowchart.freeforums.org. This provides a place for users to exchange ideas, how tos, etc. Note however, that feedback for the author should be sent by email rather than posting on this forum.
Randy Bower has some YouTube tutorials at http://www.youtube.com/user/RandallBower. You can also search YouTube for "RAPTOR flowchart".
The UML designer is based on NClass, an open-source UML Class Designer. NClass is licensed under the GNU General Public License. The rest of RAPTOR, by US Air Force policy, is public domain. Source is found here. RAPTOR is written in a combination of A# and C#. Unfortunately, I don't have the time to provide support on compilation issues